Tier 1
Pipeline ML end-to-end, linear regression deep (closed-form, regularization), logistic regression (softmax, calibration), bias-variance & cross-validation.
Tier 2
KNN & decision tree, random forest & bagging, SVM (kernel trick), gradient boosting (XGBoost/LightGBM).
Tier 3
K-means & hierarchical, DBSCAN, PCA & SVD, t-SNE & UMAP — clustering + dimensionality reduction.
Tier 4
Neural network training deep (optimizers, batchnorm), CNN (conv/pool, ResNet), RNN/LSTM, Transformer + attention.
Tier 5
Text vectorization, word embeddings, vector DB + RAG, CLIP multimodal — ứng dụng NLP & LLM hiện đại.